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Seizures: These can affect between 2% and 5% of people with MS. Hearing loss: Temporary lessening or loss of hearing affects about 6% of people with MS actual deafness is exceedingly rare. Respiratory difficulties: Shallow breathing, shortness of breath, hiccups, cough, and frequent sighs may result from muscle weakness. Swallowing problems (dysphagia): Choking or coughing can happen while you eat or drink. Pruritus: This neurologically caused "itch" doesn't respond to scratching or topical treatments. Pseudobulbar affect: Uncontrollable laughing or crying that's extreme or inappropriate to the situation may result from nerve damage in the cerebellum. Paroxysmal symptoms: Momentary spasms in the limbs and sometimes in the muscles associated with speech or swallowing are sometimes mistaken for seizures. Glossopharyngeal neuralgia: Pain in the tongue, throat, ear, or tonsils results from damage to the ninth cranial nerve. Trigeminal neuralgia ( tic douloureux): Shock-like or burning pains in the face are due to damage to the fifth cranial nerve. Lhermitte's sign and the MS hug are two distinct MS pain symptoms. Pain and other sensory symptoms: Electrical nerve zings, numbness and tingling, prickling, stabbing, tearing, or feelings of pressure can occur and be severe. Vertigo: The sensation of spinning can result from MS-related damage to the brainstem (which connects the brain and spinal cord), a lesion in the cerebellum, or abnormal eye movement called nystagmus. Symptoms can strike one or both eyes and include a dull ache, pain with eye movement, impaired or lost vision, loss of color vision, blind spots, and flashing or flickering lights. Vision problems: These may be early symptoms and are due to optic neuritis (damage to the optic nerve). Sexual dysfunction: This can involve difficulty maintaining an erection, inability to orgasm, loss of desire, reduced or unpleasant sensations in the vagina, or vaginal dryness. Depression: The challenges of chronic illness combined with demyelination are both believed to contribute to mood problems, as can some common MS drugs, including Avonex/ Rebif (interferon beta-1a) and Betaseron (interferon beta-1b). Cognitive dysfunction: Pervasive short-term memory problems, difficulty concentrating, word-finding issues, and sensory processing problems occur in about 50% of MS cases. Bowel and bladder symptoms: Frequent urination, urinary urgency or hesitancy, incontinence, constipation, and/or frequent urinary tract infections affect about 80% of people with MS. Muscle-related symptoms: Impaired nerve communication can lead to weakness, tremor, and spasticity (involuntary tightness), which can eventually become bad enough to require the use of assistive devices such as a cane or wheelchair. Fatigue: Physical and mental exhaustion that isn't relieved by sleep or rest is the most debilitating aspect of MS for many people.
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